Ad hoc wireless sensor package

ABSTRACT

Systems, methods, computer-readable storage mediums including computer-readable instructions and/or circuitry for control of transmission to a target device with communicating with one or more sensors in an ad-hoc sensor network may implement operations including, but not limited to: generating electrical power from at least one ambient source via at least one structurally integrated electromagnetic transducer; powering at least one transmitter via the electrical power to wirelessly transmit one or more sensor operation activation signals to one or more sensors; and at least one of powering one or more sensing operations of one or more sensors via the electrical power or charging one or more power storage devices electrically coupled to the one or more sensors via the electrical power.

If an Application Data Sheet (ADS) has been filed on the filing date of this application, it is incorporated by reference herein. Any applications claimed on the ADS for priority under 35 U.S.C. §§ 119, 120, 121, or 365(c), and any and all parent, grandparent, great-grandparent, etc. applications of such applications, are also incorporated by reference, including any priority claims made in those applications and any material incorporated by reference, to the extent such subject matter is not inconsistent herewith.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is related to and/or claims the benefit of the earliest available effective filing date(s) from the following listed application(s) (the “Priority applications”), if any, listed below (e.g., claims earliest available priority dates for other than provisional patent applications or claims benefits under 35 USC § 119(e) for provisional patent applications, for any and all parent, grandparent, great-grandparent, etc. applications of the Priority application(s)). In addition, the present application is related to the “Related applications,” if any, listed below.

PRIORITY APPLICATIONS

For purposes of the USPTO extra-statutory requirements, the present application constitutes a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/727,102, entitled AD-HOC WIRELESS SENSOR PACKAGE, naming JESSE R. CHEATHAM, III, MATTHEW G. DYOR, PETER N. GLASKOWSKY, KIMBERLY D. A. HALLMAN, RODERICK A. HYDE, MURIEL Y. ISHIKAWA, EDWARD K. Y. JUNG, MICHAEL F. KOENIG, ROBERT W. LORD, RICHARD T. LORD, CRAIG J. MUNDIE, NATHAN P. MYHRVOLD, ROBERT C. PETROSKI, DESNEY S. TAN, AND LOWELL L. WOOD, J R. as inventors, filed Dec. 26, 2012, which is currently co-pending or is an application of which a currently co-pending application is entitled to the benefit of the filing date.

For purposes of the USPTO extra-statutory requirements, the present application constitutes a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/727,109, entitled AD-HOC WIRELESS SENSOR PACKAGE, naming JESSE R. CHEATHAM, III, MATTHEW G. DYOR, PETER N. GLASKOWSKY, KIMBERLY D. A. HALLMAN, RODERICK A. HYDE, MURIEL Y. ISHIKAWA, EDWARD K. Y. JUNG, MICHAEL F. KOENIG, ROBERT W. LORD, RICHARD T. LORD, CRAIG J. MUNDIE, NATHAN P. MYHRVOLD, ROBERT C. PETROSKI, DESNEY S. TAN, AND LOWELL L. WOOD, J R. as inventors, filed Dec. 26, 2012, which is currently co-pending or is an application of which a currently co-pending application is entitled to the benefit of the filing date.

For purposes of the USPTO extra-statutory requirements, the present application constitutes a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/727,117, entitled AD-HOC WIRELESS SENSOR PACKAGE, naming JESSE R. CHEATHAM, III, MATTHEW G. DYOR, PETER N. GLASKOWSKY, KIMBERLY D. A. HALLMAN, RODERICK A. HYDE, MURIEL Y. ISHIKAWA, EDWARD K. Y. JUNG, MICHAEL F. KOENIG, ROBERT W. LORD, RICHARD T. LORD, CRAIG J. MUNDIE, NATHAN P. MYHRVOLD, ROBERT C. PETROSKI, DESNEY S. TAN, AND LOWELL L. WOOD, J R. as inventors, filed Dec. 26, 2012, which is currently co-pending or is an application of which a currently co-pending application is entitled to the benefit of the filing date.

For purposes of the USPTO extra-statutory requirements, the present application constitutes a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/729,747, entitled AD-HOC WIRELESS SENSOR PACKAGE, naming JESSE R. CHEATHAM, III, MATTHEW G. DYOR, PETER N. GLASKOWSKY, KIMBERLY D. A. HALLMAN, RODERICK A. HYDE, MURIEL Y. ISHIKAWA, EDWARD K. Y. JUNG, MICHAEL F. KOENIG, ROBERT W. LORD, RICHARD T. LORD, CRAIG J. MUNDIE, NATHAN P. MYHRVOLD, ROBERT C. PETROSKI, DESNEY S. TAN, AND LOWELL L. WOOD, J R. as inventors, filed Dec. 28, 2012, which is currently co-pending or is an application of which a currently co-pending application is entitled to the benefit of the filing date.

For purposes of the USPTO extra-statutory requirements, the present application constitutes a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/934,812, entitled AD-HOC WIRELESS SENSOR PACKAGE, naming JESSE R. CHEATHAM, III, MATTHEW G. DYOR, PETER N. GLASKOWSKY, KIMBERLY D. A. HALLMAN, RODERICK A. HYDE, MURIEL Y. ISHIKAWA, EDWARD K. Y. JUNG, MICHAEL F. KOENIG, ROBERT W. LORD, RICHARD T. LORD, CRAIG J. MUNDIE, NATHAN P. MYHRVOLD, ROBERT C. PETROSKI, DESNEY S. TAN, AND LOWELL L. WOOD, J R. as inventors, filed Jul. 3, 2013, which is currently co-pending or is an application of which a currently co-pending application is entitled to the benefit of the filing date.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

None.

The United States Patent Office (USPTO) has published a notice to the effect that the USPTO's computer programs require that patent applicants reference both a serial number and indicate whether an application is a continuation, continuation-in-part, or divisional of a parent application. Stephen G. Kunin, Benefit of Prior-Filed Application, USPTO Official Gazette Mar. 18, 2003. The USPTO further has provided forms for the Application Data Sheet which allow automatic loading of bibliographic data but which require identification of each application as a continuation, continuation-in-part, or divisional of a parent application. The present Applicant Entity (hereinafter “Applicant”) has provided above a specific reference to the application(s) from which priority is being claimed as recited by statute. Applicant understands that the statute is unambiguous in its specific reference language and does not require either a serial number or any characterization, such as “continuation” or “continuation-in-part,” for claiming priority to U.S. patent applications. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Applicant understands that the USPTO's computer programs have certain data entry requirements, and hence Applicant has provided designation(s) of a relationship between the present application and its parent application(s) as set forth above and in any ADS filed in this application, but expressly points out that such designation(s) are not to be construed in any way as any type of commentary and/or admission as to whether or not the present application contains any new matter in addition to the matter of its parent application(s).

If the listings of applications provided above are inconsistent with the listings provided via an ADS, it is the intent of the Applicant to claim priority to each application that appears in the Priority applications section of the ADS and to each application that appears in the Priority applications section of this application.

All subject matter of the Priority applications and the Related applications and of any and all parent, grandparent, great-grandparent, etc. applications of the Priority applications and the Related applications, including any priority claims, is incorporated herein by reference to the extent such subject matter is not inconsistent herewith.

SUMMARY

Systems, methods, computer-readable storage mediums including computer-readable instructions and/or circuitry for control of transmission to a target device with communicating with one or more sensors in an ad-hoc sensor network may implement operations including, but not limited to: generating electrical power from at least one ambient source via at least one structurally integrated electromagnetic transducer; powering at least one transmitter via the electrical power to wirelessly transmit one or more sensor operation activation signals to one or more sensors; and at least one of powering one or more sensing operations of one or more sensors via the electrical power or charging one or more power storage devices electrically coupled to the one or more sensors via the electrical power.

The foregoing summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be in any way limiting. In addition to the illustrative aspects, embodiments, and features described above, further aspects, embodiments, and features will become apparent by reference

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 shows a high-level block diagram of an operational environment for powering and/or communicating with one or more sensors in an ad-hoc sensor network.

FIG. 2 shows a high-level block diagram of a system for powering and/or communicating with one or more sensors in an ad-hoc sensor network.

FIG. 3 shows a high-level block diagram of a system for powering and/or communicating with one or more sensors in an ad-hoc sensor network.

FIG. 4A shows a high-level block diagram of a system for powering and/or communicating with one or more sensors in an ad-hoc sensor network.

FIG. 4B shows a high-level block diagram of a system for powering and/or communicating with one or more sensors in an ad-hoc sensor network.

FIG. 4C shows a high-level block diagram of an operational environment for powering and/or communicating with one or more sensors in an ad-hoc sensor network.

FIG. 4D shows a high-level block diagram of an operational environment for powering and/or communicating with one or more sensors in an ad-hoc sensor network.

FIG. 4E shows a high-level block diagram of a system for powering and/or communicating with one or more sensors in an ad-hoc sensor network.

FIG. 4F shows a high-level block diagram of a system for powering and/or communicating with one or more sensors in an ad-hoc sensor network.

FIG. 4G shows a high-level block diagram of a system for powering and/or communicating with one or more sensors in an ad-hoc sensor network.

FIGS. 5-17 show operations for powering and/or communicating with one or more sensors in an ad-hoc sensor network.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof. In the drawings, similar symbols typically identify similar components, unless context dictates otherwise. The illustrative embodiments described in the detailed description, drawings, and claims are not meant to be limiting. Other embodiments may be utilized, and other changes may be made, without departing from the spirit or scope of the subject matter presented here.

FIG. 1 illustrates an ad hoc sensor system 100 disposed about a region 101 to be monitored. The ad hoc sensor system 100 may include one or more sensors 102 and one or more sensor monitoring devices 103. The sensors 102 may be simple single or limited-purpose sensors configured for monitoring one or more characteristics of an environment. For example, the sensors 102 may be thermal sensors, pressure sensors, motion sensors, image capture sensors, audio sensors, electromagnetic sensors, and the like, configured for monitoring of the region 101 and/or one or more items 104 (e.g. machines, people, products, and the like) located within the region 101. The sensors may be affixed to any surface defining or within the region 101 via various means. In one embodiment, the sensors 102 may include an adhesive composition capable of adhering to a surface within the region 101. More specifically, the adhesive composition may be a moisture-activated adhesive such that a user may apply a liquid (e.g. water or saliva) to the adhesive composition thereby activating the adhesive and allowing for disposal of the sensor 102 on a surface defining the region 101.

A sensor monitoring device 103 may serve to provide a communications link between the sensors 102 and one or more processing devices 105 (e.g. a cell phone 105A, a tablet computer 105B, a laptop computer 105C, a desktop computer 105D, and the like and/or a cloud-based network 106 running an application accessible by such devices) which may receive data from the sensors 102 and provide that data to a user 107 monitoring the region 101 and/or the items 104. The sensor monitoring devices 103 may be pluggable (e.g. configured to be received within or to receive) with respect to one or more standard environmental devices (e.g. a standard 110-volt wall outlet-pluggable sensor monitoring device 103A, a standard 60-watt light socket-pluggable sensor monitoring device 103B, and the like) such that the region 101 may be easily retrofitted to employ the ad hoc sensor system 100 by incorporating the sensor monitoring devices 103 into pre-existing power supplies.

Referring to FIG. 2, the sensor monitoring devices 103 may be configured to scan (e.g. a grid scan) the region 101 and detect the locations of one or more sensors 102 within the region 101. Such scanning capabilities allow the sensors 102 to be arbitrarily arranged about the region 101 without regard to relative orientations of the sensors 102 and the sensor monitoring devices 103 by a user having limited training with respect to operation of the ad hoc sensor system 100. Such location detection of the sensors 102 may serve to optimize communications with the sensors 102 in that communications signals may be wirelessly transmitted to and received from the sensors 102 in an at least partially targeted manner (e.g. via a configurable directional antenna) so as to avoid unnecessary power consumption associated with a full broadcast mode to portions of the region 101 not containing sensors 102. In an exemplary embodiment, a sensor 102 may include at least one passive identification mechanism 108 (e.g. a mechanism operating only in response to an environmental stimulus such as a radio frequency identification (RFID) chip, a retro-reflector, a micro electromechanical system (MEMS) device, and the like) which, upon irradiation of the sensor 102 by, for example, a sensor acquisition signal 109 wirelessly transmitted by a sensor acquisition transceiver 110 (e.g. a radio transceiver, a microwave transceiver, an infrared transceiver, an optical/laser transceiver, and the like) of a sensor monitoring device 103, the sensor 102 may wirelessly transmit an identification signal 111 indicative of the presence of the sensor 102 within the region 101. For example, the passive identification mechanism 108 may include a MEMS device configured to receive the sensor acquisition signal 109, modulate that sensor acquisition signal 109 and retransmit the modulated sensor acquisition signal 109 as the identification signal 111.

The identification signal 111 may simply be a beacon-type signal that simply indicates the presence of a sensor 102 within the currently scanned region (e.g. where the passive identification mechanism 108 is merely a reflective surface on the sensor 102). Alternately the identification signal 111 may include data associated with the sensor 102 and stored by the passive identification mechanism 108 (e.g. as an RFID chip). For example, the identification signal 111 may encode data associated with a sensor-type (e.g. thermal, pressure, motion, image, audio, electromagnetic, and the like) of the sensor 102, sensor operation requirements (e.g. operating power levels, power storage charge times, and the like), and the like.

In another embodiment, the passive identification mechanism 108 may provide the identification signal 111 independent of any interaction with the sensor monitoring device 103. For example, the sensor 102 may include a transducer 112 responsive to an independent signal source 113 (e.g. a flashlight, handheld UV light, and the like). The transducer 112 may convert a signal (e.g. light) from the independent signal source 113 into power sufficient to power the passive identification mechanism 108 to generate the identification signal 111 for transmission to the sensor monitoring device 103. As such, a user tasked with affixing one or more sensors 102 about the region 101 may, at the same time, temporarily activate the passive identification mechanism 108 via the independent signal source 113 to allow for initial acquisition of the sensor 102 by the sensor monitoring device 103. It may be the case that the sensor monitoring device 103 is continually monitoring the region 101 and may detect the presence of the sensor 102 within the temporary activation period of the passive identification mechanism 108 via the independent signal source 113.

The sensor monitoring device 103 may scan the region 101 in a zonal manner whereby the sensor acquisition transceiver 110 is progressively directed to various portions of the region 101 and transmits the sensor acquisition signal 109. Upon detection of a presence of a sensor 102 within a portion of the region 101 currently subject to scanning through receipt of the identification signal 111, the sensor acquisition transceiver 110 may provide a signal 114 to sensor location detection logic 115 of the sensor monitoring device 103. The sensor location detection logic 115 may, in turn, correlate the portion of the region 101 currently subject to scanning (e.g. via data associated with a current orientation of one or more control actuators and/or a directional antenna associated with the sensor acquisition transceiver 110) with a detected sensor 102 and store sensor location data 116 associated with that portion of the region 101 to a sensor location database 117. In one embodiment, the sensor acquisition transceiver 110 may scan along a first axis (e.g. an x-axis) and then scan along a second axis (e.g. a y-axis).

Further, it may be the case that line-of-sight issues with respect to the relative orientations of the sensors 102, sensor monitoring device 103 and any intervening items 104 may exist within the region 101. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, an item 104 may be disposed between a sensor monitoring device 103 (e.g. sensor monitoring device 103B) and a sensor 102 (e.g. sensor 102A). As such, the ad hoc sensor system 100 may further include one or more at least partially reflective surfaces 118 (e.g. mirrors, electro-optical lenses, light guides, and the like). The reflective surfaces 118 may serve to remedy the line-of-sight issues for a given sensor 102 by providing an alternate signal path between a sensor monitoring device 103 and a sensor 102. The reflective surfaces 118 may be simple static structures such as mirrors or prisms. Alternately, the reflective surfaces 118 may be controllable structures (e.g. via a control signal generated by the sensor monitoring device 103) such that the physical orientation and/or electro-optical properties of a reflective surface 118A may be modified during a sensor location acquisition scan by the sensor monitoring device 103 of the portion of the region 101 including the reflective surface 118A such that the effective scanning area of the sensor monitoring device 103 may include portions of the region 101 which are otherwise restricted due to line-of-sight issues.

In an alternate embodiment, the ad hoc sensor system 100 may include at least one mobile robotic device 144 configured to traverse the region 101 (e.g. a repurposed robotic device such as a Roomba® product manufactured by iRobot of Bedford, Mass.). The mobile robotic device 144 may include sensor monitoring device 103C and/or a reflective surface 118B which may be targeted by another sensor monitoring device 103 (e.g. sensor monitoring device 103B). The mobile robotic device 144 may traverse the region 101 and conduct acquisition and/or activation operations with respect to the sensors 102 as described above to enable further coverage of the region 101 in regions inaccessible by statically positioned sensor monitoring devices 103. Further, the mobile robotic device 144 may be equipped with a sensor 102C which may conduct one or more sensor operations as described above.

Referring again to FIG. 2, the sensors 102 may be configured as passive sensors with no on-board power source for conducting sensing (e.g. thermal, pressure, motion, image, audio, electromagnetic, and the like) operations. As such, the sensor monitoring device 103 may include a sensor operation activation transmitter 119 having a relatively higher power signal (e.g. as compared to the power requirements of the sensor acquisition signal 109 of the sensor acquisition transceiver 110) configured for wirelessly transmitting a sensor operation activation signal 120 (e.g. an infrared, optical/laser, ultraviolet, x-ray beam, and the like) to the sensors 102. The sensors 102 may include a power transducer 121 configured to convert the sensor operation activation signal 120 into electrical or optical power 122 usable by sensing element 123 (e.g. electrical circuitry, micro-electromechanical system devices, and the like) configured to carry out the desired sensing operations. Following sensing operations by the sensing element 123, sensor data 124 may be transmitted to a sensor data transceiver 125 of the sensor monitoring device 103 which, in turn may transmit the sensor data 124 on to the processing devices 105 for further data analysis and review by a user.

The United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) are endowed with authority to allocate and regulate various communications frequencies. Further, the FCC has established standards for exposure limits (e.g. Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) levels; See “Evaluating Compliance with FCC Guidelines for Human Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields,” Federal Communications Commission Office of Engineering & Technology, OET Bulletin 65, Edition 97-01 (August 1997)) for various frequency ranges (e.g. 0.3 to 100,000 MHz) for occupational/controlled exposure as well as general population/uncontrolled exposures. Such standards are defined in terms of electric field and magnetic field strength as well as power density. Occupational/controlled limits apply in situations in which persons are exposed as a consequence of their employment provided those persons are fully aware of the potential for exposure and can exercise control over their exposure. Limits for occupational/controlled exposure also apply in situations when an individual is transient through a location where occupational/controlled limits apply provided he or she is made aware of the potential for exposure. General population/uncontrolled exposures apply in situations in which the general public may be exposed, or in which persons that are exposed as a consequence of their employment may not be fully aware of the potential for exposure or cannot exercise control over their exposure.

Further, the FCC has adopted limits for safe exposure to radiofrequency (RF) energy. These limits are given in terms of a unit referred to as the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), which is a measure of the amount of radio frequency energy absorbed by the body, for example, when using a mobile phone. Cell phone manufacturers are required to ensure that their phones comply with these objective limits for safe exposure. Any cell phone at or below these SAR levels (that is, any phone legally sold in the U.S.) is a “safe” phone, as measured by these standards. The FCC limit for public exposure from cellular telephones is a SAR level of 1.6 watts per kilogram (1.6 W/kg).

Still further, the United States Department of Labor's Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) has adopted limits for exposure to “ionizing radiation” (e.g. alpha rays, beta rays/high-speed electrons, gamma rays, X-rays, neutrons, high-speed protons, and other atomic particles) and “non-ionizing radiation” (e.g. sound or radio waves) but has no regulated limits for visible light, infrared or ultraviolet light.

As such, in order to facilitate the unregulated usage of the ad hoc sensor system 100 in any number of varied environments, in an exemplary embodiment, the sensor acquisition transceiver 110 and/or the sensor operation activation transmitter 119 may operate in one or more frequency and power ranges such that the sensor acquisition signal 109 and/or the sensor operation activation signal 120 may not be subject to regulation by one or more entities (e.g. a government institution having jurisdictional authority for a user of the ad hoc sensor system 100 or a non-governmental institution with which a user of the ad hoc sensor system 100 is associated (e.g. contractually associated)). For example, the sensor acquisition signal 109 and/or the sensor operation activation signal 120 may be visible light, infrared, or ultraviolet light signals.

In another exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the sensor monitoring device 103 may include a transmission parameter database 126. The transmission parameter database 126 may include data associated with authorizations and/or restrictions on the transmission of sensor operation activation signal 120. For example, the transmission parameter database 126 may include global positioning data mapped to authorization data (e.g. governmental regulations established by the FCC, OSHA, and other domestic and foreign rule making authorities) regarding the characteristics or type of sensor operation activation signal 120 that may be authorized for a given location. The sensor monitoring device 103 may further include a position sensor 127 (e.g. a global positioning system (GPS) sensor). The signal control logic 128 configured to control the operation of sensor operation activation transmitter 119 the may query the position sensor 127 to determine a current location of the sensor monitoring device 103. The signal control logic 128 may then query the transmission parameter database 126 to determine if any restrictions exist for the transmission of the sensor operation activation signal 120 at the present location of the sensor monitoring device 103. The signal control logic 128 may then set one or more signal transmission parameters (e.g. signal frequency, signal power, and the like) according to those restrictions (e.g. set the sensor operation activation signal 120 to allowable settings as determined from the transmission parameter database 126). While described in the context of a governmental regulation, the transmission parameter database 126 may maintain data associated with any transmission parameter that may be used to allow or restrict the transmission of the sensor operation activation signal 120 (e.g. a user-defined transmission parameter, and the like).

In another exemplary embodiment, the sensor operation activation transmitter 119 may include one or more laser transmitters configured to transmit the sensor operation activation signal 120 to one or more sensors 102. Due to regulatory and/or safety issues, it may be the case that the sensor operation activation transmitter 119 may further include one or more lens elements configured to at least partially defocus the laser-based sensor operation activation signal 120 emitted by the sensor operation activation transmitter 119. Alternately, a defocused laser-based sensor operation activation signal 120 may include beam components having varying focal length components. Further, the sensor operation activation transmitter 119 may be configured to produce a laser-based sensor operation activation signal 120 of moderate to high divergence such that the power density of the laser-based sensor operation activation signal 120 dissipates over a relatively short distance.

In another exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4A, a sensor 102 may include the sensing element 123 but may be independent of a communications package 129 including the passive identification mechanism 108 and/or the power transducer 121. In this manner, the communications package 129 may be operably coupled (e.g. via a Universal Serial Bus-type connection) to and provide power 122 to multiple sensors 102. Such a configuration may allow for connection of several limited-purpose sensors 102 configured for divergent sensing operations (e.g. a thermal sensor and a video capture sensor) into a single sensor package with a common communications package 129 configured for receiving power via a common sensor operation activation signal 120.

In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the signal control logic 128 of the sensor monitoring devices 103 may obtain sensor location data 116 from previous sensor acquisitions. The signal control logic 128 may query the sensor location database 117 for the location of at least one sensor 102 and provide control signals to the sensor acquisition transceiver 110 to direct the sensor operation activation signal 120 in the direction of the at least one sensor 102 (e.g. via configuring one or more actuators or a directional antennal array). The signal control logic 128 may cycle through the detected inventory of sensors 102 and configure the sensor operation activation transmitter 119 to transmit the sensor operation activation signal 120 in the direction of a given sensor 102 during a given time interval associated with that sensor 102 before moving on to transmissions to additional sensors 102. It may be the case that the sensor operations may be on a time scale greater than a power acquisition time interval for a given sensor 102. For example, it may be the case that the sensor monitoring device 103 may only be capable of dedicating minutes or hours to transmitting a sensor operation activation signal 120 to a given sensor 102 for power-intensive sensor operations such as cached sensor data transmission from the sensor 102 to the sensor monitoring device 103. However, it may be desirable for an image capture sensor 102 (e.g. a still or video image capture sensor 102) may operate in a low-power mode to cache sensor data over a period of days or weeks. As such, a sensor 102 may include an energy storage device 130 (e.g. a capacitor, a battery, and the like) chargeable by the power 122 generated by the power transducer 121 in response to the sensor operation activation signal 120. The power stored by the energy storage device 130 may be surplus power provided during irradiation of the power transducer 121 by the sensor operation activation transmitter 119 that is not required for sensing operations of the sensing element 123 during that time period. The power stored by the energy storage device 130 may then be used for sensing operations of the sensing element 123 during time periods where the sensor operation activation transmitter 119 is not currently irradiating the power transducer 121. Power-intensive sensor operations such as cached sensor data transmission from the sensor 102 to the sensor monitoring device 103 may only occur intermittently when the additional power provided by the sensor operation activation signal 120 is currently being provided to the sensor 102.

In another exemplary embodiment, the ongoing sensor operations of a sensor 102 may have power requirements such that ongoing transmission of the sensor operation activation signal 120 is required. For example, for real-time audio or video sensing, the sensor operation activation signal 120 may be transmitted in a continuous manner to one or more sensors 102.

In another exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4A, the transmission of the sensor operation activation signal 120 to a sensor 102 by the sensor operation activation transmitter 119 may be conducted according to a schedule. For example, it may be the case that the sensor operation activation signal 120 may be a high-power signal (e.g. a high-power optical, ultraviolet, or x-ray beam). It may be undesirable to transmit the sensor operation activation signal 120 having such high-power characteristics into a region 101 containing sensitive items 104 and or personnel. As such, the sensor monitoring devices 103 may include a sensor activation schedule database 131. The sensor activation schedule database 131 may include scheduling data associated with authorized time periods when a high-power sensor operation activation signal 120 may be provided to the sensor 102 to initiate and/or power various sensor operations. For example, it may be desirable to activate the high-power sensor operation activation signal 120 at a time when personnel will generally be absent from the region 101 or when certain sensitive items 104 (e.g. biological matter, volatile chemical compositions) are not scheduled to be within the region 101 (e.g. during the night when a facility including the region 101 is closed). The signal control logic 128 may query the sensor activation schedule database 131 to retrieve scheduling data from the sensor activation schedule database 131 and activate the sensor operation activation transmitter 119 according to that schedule.

Referring to FIG. 4B, in another exemplary embodiment, a sensor 102 may include an energy storage monitoring module 132. The energy storage monitoring module 132 may monitor one or more energy storage parameters (e.g. energy density, voltage capacity, current capacity, and the like) of the energy storage device 130 of a sensor 102. It may be the case that the sensor 102 may include two or more sensing elements 123 configured for different sensing operations. For example, a sensor 102 may include a sensing element 123A configured for power-intensive sensing operations (e.g. full-motion color video capture) and a sensing element 123B configured less power-intensive sensing operations (e.g. simple audio capture). As such, it may be the case that the energy storage device 130 may currently have sufficient stored energy for performing low-power sensing operations associated with the sensing element 123B but may not have sufficient stored energy for performing power-intensive sensing operations associated with the sensing element 123A. The energy storage monitoring module 132 may compare one or more energy storage parameters of the energy storage device 130 to one or more threshold energy usage parameters associated with the sensing operations of the sensing element 123A and/or the sensing element 123B to determine whether or not sufficient power is available for sensing operations by the sensing element 123A and/or the sensing element 123B. The energy storage monitoring module 132 may transmit sensor capability data 133 indicative of an energy storage parameter and/or a comparison of the energy storage parameter to a threshold energy usage parameter (e.g. a notification that the sensor 102 is “in network” or “out of network” for a given sensing operation) which may be received by a sensor capability data receiver 134 of the sensor monitoring device 103. Depending on the required availability of the sensing operations of the sensing element 123A and/or the sensing element 123B as indicated by the sensor capability data 133 received by the sensor capability data receiver 134, the signal control logic 128 may cause the sensor operation activation transmitter 119 to transmit a sensor operation activation signal 120 to the sensor 102 to directly power the sensing element 123A and/or the sensing element 123B and/or charge the energy storage device 130 to facilitate continued operations of the sensing element 123. The transmission of the sensor capability data 133 by the energy storage monitoring module 132 may be in response to a sensing operation request by a sensor monitoring device 103. For example, the sensor monitoring device 103 may request that a sensor 102 perform a specific sensing operation (e.g. full-motion color video capture) and transmit sensor data 124 accordingly. In response to that request, the energy storage monitoring module 132 may query the energy storage device 130 and provide the sensor capability data 133 (e.g. a notification that insufficient power is currently stored) for that particular sensing operation according to the current energy storage status of the energy storage device 130. In another exemplary embodiment, the sensing operations of a sensing element 123 may be reconfigured according to an energy storage parameter of the energy storage device 130. For example, it may be the case that a sensing element 123 may be presently configured for full-motion color video capture sensing operations. However, it may be the case that the energy storage monitoring module 132 may detect that the energy storage device 130 lacks sufficient energy density to properly carry out such power-intensive sensing operations. As such, the energy storage monitoring module 132 may provide one or more configuration signals 135 to a sensing element 123 to reconfigure the sensing element 123 to operate in a less power-intensive mode (e.g. in a grayscale periodic image capture mode). Following recharging of the energy storage device 130 by the sensor operation activation signal 120, the energy storage monitoring module 132 may provide one or more configuration signals 135 to the sensing element 123 to reconfigure the sensing element 123 to once again operate in a more power-intensive mode (e.g. in a full-color real time video capture mode).

Further, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4A, in another exemplary embodiment, operation of the sensor operation activation transmitter 119 may be controlled by an external control signal 136. The external control signal 136 may be provided to the sensor monitoring device 103 by the one or more processing devices 105 (e.g. a cell phone, tablet computer, laptop computer, and the like of FIG. 1) external to the at the sensor monitoring device 103 at the direction of a user 107. Alternately, as described above, the sensor monitoring devices 103 may be pluggable with respect to one or more standard environmental devices (e.g. a standard 110-volt wall outlet-pluggable sensor monitoring device 103A, a standard 60-watt light socket-pluggable sensor monitoring device 103B, and the like). It may be the case that a wall outlet and/or light socket may be controllable by a switch (e.g. a standard wall-mounted light switch) as would be the case for a standard appliance or light bulb coupled to the wall outlet and/or light socket. The sensor monitoring devices 103 may be likewise be configured such that the same switch may control the sensor monitoring devices 103 to power on the sensor operation activation transmitter 119 when the switch is actuated by a user.

Further, as shown in FIG. 4A, in another exemplary embodiment, one or more safety features may be employed by the ad hoc sensor system 100 in an attempt to ensure that a high-power sensor operation activation signal 120 is not activated when the personnel or certain sensitive items 104 (e.g. biological matter, volatile chemical compositions) are within the region 101. For example, a sensor monitoring device 103 may further include at least one safety sensor 137. The safety sensor 137 may serve to determine if one on more specified objects (e.g. personnel, biological matter, volatile chemical compositions, and the like) are present within the region 101. In the case where the safety sensor 137 detects the presence of a specified object, the safety sensor 137 may provide a notification signal 138 to the signal control logic 128. In response to the notification signal 138, the signal control logic 128 may restrict an otherwise scheduled transmission of the high-power sensor operation activation signal 120 into the region 101. The safety sensor 137 may include one or more of a motion sensor (e.g. detecting movement of a person within the region 101), an image capture sensor operably coupled to image recognition logic (e.g. detecting an image of a person or object within the region 101), an RF sensor (e.g. detecting an RFID chip associated with an identification badge of a person or object within the region 101), and the like.

In another exemplary embodiment, the sensor 102 may not employ the energy storage device 130 and/or any type of power-intensive radio transmission components. Rather, the sensing element 123 of the sensor 102 may directly receive the sensor operation activation signal 120 (e.g. an optical beam) and directly modulate that beam according to one or more sensing parameters before the modulated beam is transmitted back to the sensor monitoring device 103 as sensor data 124. For example, the sensing element 123 may be optical sensing element 123 including at least one MEMS device. The MEMS device may be a device configured to be modified by the sensing parameter (e.g. by temperature or pressure) and modulate the sensor operation activation signal 120 according to such modifications so as to generate sensor data 124 associated with the sensing parameter.

In another exemplary embodiment, a sensing element 123 may include at least one passive (e.g. operating only in response to an environmental stimulus) sensing element. For example, the sensing element 123 may include a MEMS device which may be responsive to environmental conditions such as temperature, pressure, humidity, and the like. Upon irradiation of the sensor 102 by a sensor operation activation signal 120 wirelessly transmitted by the sensor operation activation transmitter 119 (e.g. optical/laser transceiver, and the like) of the sensor monitoring device 103, the sensor 102 may receive the sensor operation activation signal 120, modulate that sensor operation activation signal 120 according to the environmental conditions and retransmit the modulated sensor operation activation signal 120 as the sensor data 124.

In another exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4C, the ad hoc sensor system 100 may include one or more mechanisms for scavenging ambient energy for powering the sensors 102 and/or the sensor monitoring devices 103 of the ad hoc sensor system 100. For example, the ad hoc sensor system 100 may include at least one electromagnetic transducer array 139 configured for converting electromagnetic radiation (e.g. ambient lighting such as sunlight 140, interior illumination provided by lighting fixtures, user illumination via one or more handheld devices such as a flashlight or UV wand, ambient radio frequency energy, and the like) into electrical power 141 for powering one or more operations of the ad hoc sensor system 100. In one embodiment, the electromagnetic transducer array 139 may be provided in the form of one or more window structures 142 incorporated into one or more walls of the region 101. In this embodiment, the electromagnetic transducer array 139 may include one or more at least partially visibly transparent (e.g. at least a portion of the ambient lighting such as sunlight 140 may pass through) electromagnetic transducers. The electrical power 141 generated by the electromagnetic transducer array 139 may be provided directly to the sensor monitoring devices 103 or one or more ambient energy storage devices 143 for future use by the sensor monitoring devices 103.

In one embodiment, the electromagnetic transducer array 139 may include one or more at least partially visibly transparent polymer solar cells. Such cells may include those as described in “Visibly Transparent Polymer Solar Cells Produced by Solution Processing”, American Chemical Society (ACS) Nano, Vol. 6, pp. 7185-7190 (2012) by Chen, et al, which is incorporated by reference herein.

In another embodiment, the electromagnetic transducer array 139 may include one or more at least partially visibly transparent organic solar cells. Such cells may include those as described in “Near-Infrared Organic Photovolatic Solar Cells for Window and Energy Scavenging Applications”, Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 98, Issue 11, 113305, by Lunt et al., which is incorporated by reference herein.

In another embodiment, the electromagnetic transducer array 139 may include one or more at least partially visibly transparent carbon nanotube-based solar cells. Such cells may include those as described in “Organic solar cells with carbon nanotube network electrodes”, Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 88, 233506 (2006), by Rowell et al., which is incorporated by reference herein.

In another embodiment, the electromagnetic transducer array 139 may include one or more at least partially visibly transparent graphene-based solar cells. Such cells may include those as described in “Organic solar cells with solution-processed graphene transparent electrodes”, Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 92, 263302 (2008), by Wu et al., which is incorporated by reference herein.

In another exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4D, the ad hoc sensor system 100 may include one or more mechanisms for scavenging ambient energy for powering the sensors 102 and/or the sensor monitoring devices 103 of the ad hoc sensor system 100. For example, the ad hoc sensor system 100 may include one or more electromagnetic transducers 144 configured for converting electromagnetic radiation (e.g. radio frequency flux 145 generated by one or more radio frequency sources such as a cell tower 146, a dedicated RF generator 147 located within or proximate to the region 101, and the like) into electrical power 141 for powering one or more operations of the ad hoc sensor system 100. More specifically, the electromagnetic transducers 144 may be provided in the form of one or more structural elements defining the region 101. For example, as shown in FIGS. 4D and 4E, at least one partition portion 148 (e.g. a wall, ceiling, or floor) defining the region 101 may include one or more structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′ (e.g. electromagnetic transducers 144 at least partially integrated within or at least partially affixed to a surface of a structural element forming the partition portion 148).

In one embodiment, the structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′ may include radio frequency electromagnetic transducers 144 integrated into construction material 149 such as a drywall, wall board, or Sheetrock® forming the partition portion 148. For example, as shown in FIG. 4E, the construction material 149 may be a layered structure including outer layers 150 (e.g. paper layers) and an internal layer 151 (e.g. a gypsum plaster layer). During fabrication of the construction material 149, electromagnetic transducers 144 may be disposed in at least one layer (e.g. the internal layer 151) so as to integrate electromagnetic transducers 144 within the construction material 149 thereby providing for the structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′. It may be the case that a protective coating, film or barrier (e.g. a non-RF absorbing polymer powder coating) may be disposed about the structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′ to prevent degradation of the structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′ by the surrounding construction material 149. Upon conversion of radio frequency flux 145 to electrical power 141 by the structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′, the electrical power 141 may be provided to the sensors 102 and/or the sensor monitoring devices 103 to power various sensor acquisition and sensing operations. As shown in FIG. 4E, in one embodiment, a sensor 102 may be electrically coupled to the structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′ by one or more pins 152 inserted through the construction material 149 to contact a conductive portion of the structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′. In another embodiment, the structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′ may include one or more inductive elements 153. The sensor 102 may include one or more inductive elements 154. The inductive elements 153 of the structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′ and the inductive elements 154 of the sensor 102 cooperate to form an inductive coupling 155 to inductively power the sensor 102. Alternately, as shown in FIG. 4D, electrical power 141 generated by the structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′ may be routed to the sensors 102 and/or the sensor monitoring devices 103 via additional circuitry disposed within the construction material 149 or external to the construction material 149.

In another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4F, the structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′ may include radio, infrared, optical, ultraviolet and/or x-ray electromagnetic transducers 144 at least partially affixed to or disposed upon a surface of a partition portion 148 defining region 101. For example, the structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′ may be configured as a wallpaper or appliqué including one or more conductive patterns 156 (e.g. metallic foil patterns) having various 90-degree structures such that the patterns correspond to various RF wave-lengths (e.g. ½-wavelength, ¼-wavelength, etc.). In one embodiment, the structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′ may be configured as micro-strip or printed antennas with metal traces forming the conductive patterns 156 over an insulation layer provided by one or more layers of the partition portion 148 (e.g. the outer layers 150) and connected to a ground plane 157 disposed on the surface of or within the partition portion 148. A sensor 102 may be electrically coupled to the ground plane 157 of the structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′ by one or more pins 152 inserted through the construction material 149 to contact a conductive portion of the structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′ so as to power one or more operations of the sensor 102. Alternately, as shown in FIG. 4D, electrical power 141 generated by the structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′ may be routed to the sensors 102 and/or the sensor monitoring devices 103 via additional circuitry disposed within the partition portion 148 or external to the construction material 149.

Referring to FIG. 4G, in the case of a surface type installation of the structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′, the configuration of the conductive patterns 156 may be such that independent modular sheets 158 containing conductive patterns 156 may be aligned to operably connect the conductive patterns 156A of a first sheet 158A with the conductive patterns 156B of a second sheet 158B (e.g. via conductive contacts at the edge of each sheet) thereby increasing the effective area of the structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′. A sheet 158 including the structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′ may further include one or more indicators 159 (e.g. markings visible under optical or UV frequency illumination) associated with proper placement 160 of the sensors 102. Such placement may correspond to electrical interconnects disposed within the sheet 158 configured to operably couple the sensors 102 to the structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′ (e.g. one or more pins or vias electrically coupled to a ground plane 157). In one embodiment, the structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′ may include indium-tin oxide traces such that the structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′ are at least partially visually transparent.

In additional embodiments, the mechanisms for scavenging ambient energy for powering the sensors 102 and/or the sensor monitoring devices 103 of the ad hoc sensor system 100 may include mechanical/pressure transducers configured to convert ambient air pressure changes in the region 101, vibrational movements by structures within the region 101 (e.g. HVAC vibrations), physical movement by an individual in their office chair, and the like into electrical power.

FIG. 5 and the following figures include various examples of operational flows, discussions and explanations may be provided with respect to the above-described exemplary environment of FIGS. 1-4G. However, it should be understood that the operational flows may be executed in a number of other environments and contexts, and/or in modified versions of FIGS. 1-4G. In addition, although the various operational flows are presented in the sequence(s) illustrated, it should be understood that the various operations may be performed in different sequential orders other than those which are illustrated, or may be performed concurrently.

Further, in the following figures that depict various flow processes, various operations may be depicted in a box-within-a-box manner. Such depictions may indicate that an operation in an internal box may comprise an optional example embodiment of the operational step illustrated in one or more external boxes. However, it should be understood that internal box operations may be viewed as independent operations separate from any associated external boxes and may be performed in any sequence with respect to all other illustrated operations, or may be performed concurrently.

FIG. 5 illustrates an operational procedure 500 for practicing aspects of the present disclosure including operations 502 and 504.

Operation 502 illustrates generating electrical power from at least one ambient source via at least one structurally integrated electromagnetic transducer. As shown in FIG. 4D, the ad hoc sensor system 100 may include one or more mechanisms for scavenging ambient energy for powering the sensors 102 and/or the sensor monitoring devices 103 of the ad hoc sensor system 100. For example, the ad hoc sensor system 100 may include one or more electromagnetic transducers 144 configured for converting electromagnetic radiation (e.g. radio frequency flux 145 generated by one or more radio frequency sources such as a cell tower 146, a dedicated RF generator 147 located within or proximate to the region 101, and the like) into electrical power 141 for powering one or more operations of the ad hoc sensor system 100. More specifically, the electromagnetic transducers 144 may be provided in the form of one or more structural elements defining the region 101. For example, as shown in FIGS. 4D and 4E, at least one partition portion 148 (e.g. a wall, ceiling, or floor) defining the region 101 may include one or more structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′ (e.g. electromagnetic transducers 144 at least partially integrated within or affixed to a structural element forming the partition portion 148).

Operation 504 illustrates powering at least one transmitter via the electrical power to wirelessly transmit one or more sensor operation activation signals to one or more sensors. For example, as shown in FIG. 4C, a sensor monitoring device 103 may receive electrical power 141 generated by the structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′ or stored by the storage devices 143. Upon conversion of radio frequency flux 145 to electrical power 141 by the structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′, the electrical power 141 may be provided to the sensors 102 and/or the storage devices 143 to power various sensor acquisition and sensing operations. The sensors 102 may be configured as passive sensors with no external power source for conducting sensing (e.g. thermal, pressure, motion, image, audio, electromagnetic, and the like) operations. As such, as shown in FIG. 4E, in one embodiment, a sensor 102 may be electrically coupled to the structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′ by one or more pins 152 inserted through construction material 149 to contact a conductive portion of the structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′. In another embodiment, the structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′ may include one or more inductive elements 153. The sensor 102 may include one or more inductive elements 153. In another embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1-4D, the sensor monitoring device 103 may include a sensor operation activation transmitter 119 powered by electrical power 141 generated by the structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′ or stored by the storage devices 143 and configured for wirelessly transmitting a sensor operation activation signal 120 (e.g. an infrared, optical, ultraviolet, x-ray beam, and the like) to the sensors 102. The signal control logic 128 may direct the sensor acquisition transceiver 110 in the direction of the at least one sensor 102 (e.g. via configuring one or more actuators or a directional antennal array) according to location of at least one sensor 102 obtained from the sensor location database 117 and transmit the sensor operation activation signal 120. Depending on the required availability of the sensing operations of a sensing element 123 as indicated by the sensor capability data 133 received by the sensor capability data receiver 134, the signal control logic 128 may cause the sensor operation activation transmitter 119 to transmit a sensor operation activation signal 120 to the sensor 102 to directly power the sensing element 123 and/or charge the energy storage device 130 to facilitate continued operations of the sensing element 123.

FIG. 6 further illustrates an operational procedure wherein operation 502 of operational flow 500 of FIG. 5 may include one or more additional operations. Additional operations may include operations 602.

Operation 602 illustrates generating electrical power from at least one radio frequency source via at least one structurally integrated electromagnetic transducer. For example, as shown in FIG. 4D, the ad hoc sensor system 100 may include one or more mechanisms for scavenging ambient energy for powering the sensors 102 and/or the sensor monitoring devices 103 of the ad hoc sensor system 100. For example, the ad hoc sensor system 100 may include one or more electromagnetic transducers 144 configured for converting electromagnetic radiation (e.g. radio frequency flux 145 generated by one or more radio frequency sources such as a cell tower 146, a dedicated RF generator 147 located within or proximate to the region 101, and the like) into electrical power 141 for powering one or more operations of the ad hoc sensor system 100.

FIG. 7A further illustrates an operational procedure wherein operation 502 of operational flow 500 of FIG. 5 may include one or more additional operations. Additional operations may include operations 702 and/or 704. FIG. 7 further illustrates an operational procedure wherein operation 504 of operational flow 500 of FIG. 5 may include one or more additional operations. Additional operations may include operations 706 and/or 708.

Operation 702 illustrates generating electrical power from at least one ambient source via at least one structurally integrated electromagnetic transducer at least partially integrated within a portion of a partition defining a region to be monitored by the one or more sensors. For example, as shown in FIGS. 4D and 4E, the electromagnetic transducers 144 may be provided in the form of one or more structural elements defining the region 101. At least one partition portion 148 (e.g. a wall, ceiling, or floor) defining the region 101 may include one or more structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′ (e.g. electromagnetic transducers 144 at least partially integrated within or affixed to a structural element forming the partition portion 148).

Operation 704 illustrates generating electrical power from at least one ambient source via at least one structurally integrated electromagnetic transducer at least partially integrated within a portion of drywall defining a region to be monitored by the one or more sensors. In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4E, the structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′ may include radio frequency electromagnetic transducers 144 integrated into construction material 149 such as a drywall, wall board, or Sheetrock® forming the partition portion 148. The construction material 149 may be a layered structure including outer layers 150 (e.g. paper layers) and an internal layer 151 (e.g. a gypsum plaster layer). During fabrication of the construction material 149, electromagnetic transducers 144 may be disposed in at least one layer (e.g. the internal layer 151) so as to integrate electromagnetic transducers 144 within the construction material 149 thereby providing for the structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′. It may be the case that a protective coating, film or barrier (e.g. a non-RF absorbing polymer powder coating) may be disposed about the structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′ to prevent degradation of the structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′ by the surrounding construction material 149.

Operation 706 illustrates powering at least one sensor disposed on a surface of the portion of a partition defining a region to be monitored by transmitting the electrical power from the at least one structurally integrated electromagnetic transducer to the at least one sensor via one or more electrical connections routed through at least a portion the partition defining a region to be monitored by the one or more sensors. For example, As shown in FIG. 4E, in one embodiment, a sensor 102 may be electrically coupled to the structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′ by one or more pins 152 inserted through the construction material 149 to contact a conductive portion of the structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′. Upon conversion of radio frequency flux 145 to electrical power 141 by the structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′, the electrical power 141 may be provided to the sensors 102 and/or the sensor monitoring devices 103 to power various sensor operations via the pins 152.

Operation 708 illustrates powering at least one sensor disposed on a surface of the portion of a partition defining a region to be monitored by transmitting the electrical power from the at least one structurally integrated electromagnetic transducer to the at least one sensor via one or more inductive couplings between the at least one structurally integrated electromagnetic transducer and the at least one sensor. For example, as shown in FIG. 4E, the structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′ may include one or more inductive elements 153. The sensor 102 may include one or more inductive elements 153. The inductive elements 153 of the structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′ and the inductive elements 154 of the sensor 102 cooperate to form an inductive coupling 155 to inductively power the sensor 102. Alternately, as shown in FIG. 4D, electrical power 141 generated by the structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′ may be routed to the sensors 102 and/or the sensor monitoring devices 103 via additional circuitry disposed within the construction material 149 or external to the construction material 149. Upon conversion of radio frequency flux 145 to electrical power 141 by the structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′, the electrical power 141 may be provided to the sensors 102 and/or the sensor monitoring devices 103 to power various sensor operations via the inductive coupling 155.

FIG. 7B further illustrates an operational procedure wherein operational flow 500 of FIG. 5 may include one or more additional operations. Additional operations may include operations 710 and/or 712.

Operation 710 illustrates generating electrical power from at least one ambient source via at least one structurally integrated electromagnetic transducer at least partially disposed on a surface of a portion of a partition defining a region to be monitored by the one or more sensors. For example, as shown in FIG. 4F, the structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′ may include radio, infrared, optical, ultraviolet and/or x-ray electromagnetic transducers 144 at least partially affixed to or disposed upon a surface of a partition portion 148 defining region 101. For example, the structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′ may be configured as a wallpaper or appliqué including one or more conductive patterns 156 (e.g. metallic foil patterns) having various 90-degree structures such that the patterns correspond to various RF wave-lengths (e.g. ½-wavelength, ¼-wavelength, etc.).

Operation 710 illustrates generating electrical power from at least one ambient source via at least one structurally integrated micro-strip antenna at least partially disposed on a surface of a portion of a partition defining a region to be monitored by the one or more sensors. For example, as shown in FIG. 4F, the structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′ may include radio, infrared, optical, ultraviolet and/or x-ray electromagnetic transducers 144 at least partially affixed to or disposed upon a surface of a partition portion 148 defining region 101. For example, the structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′ may be configured as a wallpaper or appliqué including one or more conductive patterns 156 (e.g. metallic foil patterns) having various 90-degree structures such that the patterns correspond to various RF wave-lengths (e.g. ½-wavelength, ¼-wavelength, etc.). In one embodiment, the structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′ may be configured as micro-strip or printed antennas with metal traces forming the conductive patterns 156 over an insulation layer provided by one or more layers of the partition portion 148 (e.g. the outer layers 150) and connected to a ground plane 157 disposed on the surface of or within the partition portion 148. A sensor 102 may be electrically coupled to the ground plane 157 of the structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′ by one or more pins 152 inserted through the construction material 149 to contact a conductive portion of the structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′ so as to power one or more operations of the sensor 102. Alternately, as shown in FIG. 4D, electrical power 141 generated by the structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′ may be routed to the sensors 102 and/or the sensor monitoring devices 103 via additional circuitry disposed within the partition portion 148 or external to the construction material 149.

FIG. 7C further illustrates an operational procedure wherein operation 710 of operational flow 500 of FIG. 7B may include one or more additional operations. Additional operations may include operations 714 and/or 716.

Operation 714 illustrates generating electrical power from at least one ambient source via at least one structurally integrated electromagnetic transducer integrated into at least one sheet affixed to a surface portion of a partition defining a region to be monitored by the one or more sensors. For example, as shown in FIG. 4G, the structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′ may be configured as a wallpaper or appliqué including one or more conductive patterns 156 (e.g. metallic foil patterns) having various 90-degree structures such that the patterns correspond to various RF wave-lengths (e.g. ½-wavelength, ¼-wavelength, etc.). In the case of a surface type installation of the structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′, the configuration of the conductive patterns 156 may be such that independent sheets 158 containing modular conductive patterns 156. In one embodiment, the structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′ may include indium-tin oxide traces such that the structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′ are at least partially visually transparent.

Operation 716 illustrates generating electrical power from at least one ambient source via at least one structurally integrated electromagnetic transducer integrated into the at least one sheet and at least one second structurally integrated electromagnetic transducer integrated into at least one second sheet electrically coupled to the at least one sheet to combine the at least one structurally integrated electromagnetic transducer and the at least one second structurally integrated electromagnetic transducer. For example, as shown in FIG. 4G, For example, the structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′ may be configured as a wallpaper or appliqué including one or more conductive patterns 156 (e.g. metallic foil patterns) having various 90-degree structures such that the patterns correspond to various RF wave-lengths (e.g. ½-wavelength, ¼-wavelength, etc.). In the case of a surface type installation of the structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′, the configuration of the conductive patterns 156 may be such that independent sheets 158 containing modular conductive patterns 156 may be aligned to operably connect the conductive patterns 156A of a first sheet 158A with the conductive patterns 156B of a second sheet 158B (e.g. via conductive contacts at the edge of each sheet) thereby increasing the effective area of the structurally integrated electromagnetic transducers 144′.

FIG. 8 further illustrates an operational procedure wherein operational flow 500 of FIG. 5 may include one or more additional operations. Additional operations may include operations 802. FIG. 8 further illustrates an operational procedure wherein operation 504 of operational flow 500 of FIG. 5 may include one or more additional operations. Additional operations may include operations 804 and/or 806.

Operation 802 illustrates receiving one or more wireless signals indicative of one or more locations of the one or more sensors within a portion of a region to be monitored. For example, as shown in FIGS. 1-2, the sensor monitoring devices 103 may be configured to scan (e.g. a grid scan) the region 101 and detect the locations of one or more sensors 102 within the region 101. Such scanning capabilities allow the sensors 102 to be arbitrarily arranged about the region 101 without regard to relative orientations of the sensors 102 and the sensor monitoring devices 103 by a user having limited training with respect to operation of the ad hoc sensor system 100. Such location detection of the sensors 102 may serve to optimize communications with the sensors 102 in that communications signals may be wirelessly transmitted to and received from the sensors 102 in an at least partially targeted manner (e.g. via a configurable directional antenna) so as to avoid unnecessary power consumption associated with a full broadcast mode to portions of the region 101 not containing sensors 102. In an exemplary embodiment, a sensors 102 may include at least one passive identification mechanism 108 (e.g. a mechanism operating only in response to an environmental stimulus such as a radio frequency identification (RFID) chip, a retro-reflector, a micro electromechanical system (MEMS) device, and the like) which, upon irradiation of the sensor 102 by, for example, a sensor acquisition signal 109 wirelessly transmitted by a sensor acquisition transceiver 110 (e.g. a radio transceiver, an optical/laser transceiver, and the like) of a sensor monitoring device 103, the sensor 102 may, in turn, wirelessly transmit an identification signal 111 indicative of the presence of the sensor 102 within the region 101 which may be received by the sensor acquisition transceiver 110 of the sensor monitoring device 103.

The received identification signal 111 may simply be a beacon-type signal that simply indicates the presence of a sensor 102 within the currently scanned region (e.g. where the passive identification mechanism 108 is merely a reflective surface on the sensor 102). Alternately the received identification signal 111 may include data associated with the sensor 102 and stored by the passive identification mechanism 108 (e.g. as an RFID chip). For example, the identification signal 111 may encode data associated with a sensor-type (e.g. thermal, pressure, motion, image, audio, electromagnetic, and the like) of the sensor 102, sensor operation requirements (e.g. operating power levels, power storage charge times, and the like), and the like.

Operation 804 illustrates powering at least one transmitter via the electrical power to wirelessly transmit one or more sensor operation activation signals to one or more sensors according to the one or more locations of the one or more sensors. For example, as shown in FIGS. 1-2, the sensors 102 may be configured as passive sensors with no independent power source for conducting sensing (e.g. thermal, pressure, motion, image, audio, electromagnetic, and the like) operations. As such, the sensor monitoring device 103 may include a sensor operation activation transmitter 119 having a relatively higher power signal (e.g. as compared to the power requirements of the sensor acquisition signal 109 of the sensor acquisition transceiver 110) configured for wirelessly transmitting a sensor operation activation signal 120 (e.g. an infrared, optical, ultraviolet, x-ray beam, and the like) to the sensors 102. The signal control logic 128 may query the sensor location database 117 for the location of at least one sensor 102 and provide control signals to the sensor acquisition transceiver 110 to direct the sensor operation activation signal 120 in the direction of the at least one sensor 102 (e.g. via configuring one or more actuators or a directional antennal array).

FIG. 9 further illustrates an operational procedure wherein operational flow 500 of FIG. 5 may include one or more additional operations. Additional operations may include operations 902. Further, operation 902 may include one or more additional operations. Additional operations may include operation 904 and/or 906.

Operation 902 illustrates transmitting one or more signals to a portion of a region to be monitored with one or more sensors. For example, as shown in FIGS. 1-2, the sensor monitoring device 103 may scan the region 101 in a zonal manner whereby the sensor acquisition transceiver 110 (e.g. a radio transceiver, a microwave transceiver, an infrared transceiver, an optical/laser transceiver, and the like) is progressively directed to various portions of the region 101 and transmits the sensor acquisition signal 109. The sensor monitoring devices 103 may cycle through a defined set of portions of the region 101 maintained by the sensor location database 117 and transmit the sensor operation activation signal 120 to a given portion of the region 101 during a given time interval associated with that portion of the region 101 before moving on to transmissions to additional portions of the region 101.

Operation 904 illustrates transmitting one or more radio frequency signals to a portion of a region to be monitored with one or more sensors. For example, as shown in FIGS. 1-2, the sensor acquisition transceiver 110 may be progressively directed to various portions of the region 101 and transmits a sensor acquisition signal 109 characterized by having a frequency in the radio frequency range of from about 3 kHz to 3000 GHz.

Operation 906 illustrates transmitting one or more optical frequency signals to a portion of a region to be monitored with one or more sensors. For example, as shown in FIGS. 1-2, the sensor acquisition transceiver 110 may be progressively directed to various portions of the region 101 and transmits a sensor acquisition signal 109 characterized by having a frequency in the optical/visible frequency range of from about 400-790 THz. Use of a sensor acquisition signal 109 in the optical/visible frequency range may have the advantage that such use is largely unregulated by governmental entities.

FIG. 10 further illustrates an operational procedure wherein operation 902 and operation 504 of operational flow 500 of FIG. 5 may include one or more additional operations. Additional operations may include operation 1002 and/or 1004, respectively.

Operation 1002 illustrates transmitting one or more lower-power signals to one or more sensors with a sensor monitoring device. For example, as shown in FIGS. 1-2, the sensor monitoring device 103 may scan the region 101 in a zonal manner whereby a lower-power sensor acquisition transceiver 110 (e.g. a radio transceiver, a microwave transceiver, an infrared transceiver, an optical/laser transceiver, and the like) is progressively directed to various portions of the region 101 and transmits the sensor acquisition signal 109. The sensor monitoring devices 103 may cycle through a defined set of portions of the region 101 maintained by the sensor location database 117 and transmit the sensor operation activation signal 120 to a given portion of the region 101 during a given time interval associated with that portion of the region 101 before moving on to transmissions to additional portions of the region 101.

Operation 1004 illustrates powering at least one transmitter via the electrical power from at least one ambient source to wirelessly transmit one or more higher-power signals to the one or more sensors with the sensor monitoring device. For example, as shown in FIGS. 1-2, the sensors 102 may be configured as passive sensors with no independent power source for conducting sensing (e.g. thermal, pressure, motion, image, audio, electromagnetic, and the like) operations. As such, the sensor monitoring device 103 may include a sensor operation activation transmitter 119 having a relatively higher power signal (e.g. as compared to the power requirements of the sensor acquisition signal 109 of the sensor acquisition transceiver 110) configured for wirelessly transmitting a sensor operation activation signal 120 (e.g. an infrared, optical, ultraviolet, x-ray beam, and the like) to the sensors 102. The sensors 102 may include a power transducer 121 configured to convert the sensor operation activation signal 120 into electrical or optical power 122 usable by sensing element 123 (e.g. electrical circuitry, micro-electromechanical system devices, and the like) configured to carry out the desired sensing operations.

FIG. 11 further illustrates an operational procedure wherein operational flow 500 of FIG. 5 may include one or more additional operations. Additional operations may include operation 1102. Further, operation 1102 of operational flow 500 of FIG. 11 may include one or more additional operations. Additional operations may include operations 1104, 1106, 1108 and/or 1110.

Operation 1102 illustrates transmitting one or more signals indicative of a presence of a sensor within the portion of the region to be monitored to a sensor monitoring device. For example, as shown in FIGS. 1-2, upon irradiation of the sensor 102 by, for example, a sensor acquisition signal 109 wirelessly transmitted by a sensor acquisition transceiver 110 (e.g. a radio transceiver, a microwave transceiver, an infrared transceiver, an optical/laser transceiver, and the like) of a sensor monitoring device 103, the sensor 102 may wirelessly transmit an identification signal 111 indicative of the presence of the sensor 102 within the region 101. For example, the passive identification mechanism 108 may include a MEMS device configured to receive the sensor acquisition signal 109, modulate that sensor acquisition signal 109 and retransmit the modulated sensor acquisition signal 109 as the identification signal 111.

Operation 1104 illustrates transmitting one or more signals indicative of a presence of a sensor via a passive radio frequency identification chip of the sensor. For example, as shown in FIGS. 1-2, the identification signal 111 may include data associated with the sensor 102 and stored by the passive identification mechanism 108 (e.g. as an RFID chip). For example, the identification signal 111 may encode data associated with a sensor-type (e.g. thermal, pressure, motion, image, audio, electromagnetic, and the like) of the sensor 102, sensor operation requirements (e.g. operating power levels, power storage charge times, and the like), and the like.

Operation 1106 illustrates transmitting one or more signals indicative of a presence of a sensor via a retro-reflector of the sensor. For example, as shown in FIGS. 1-2, the identification signal 111 may simply be a beacon-type signal that indicates the presence of a sensor 102 within the currently scanned region. Specifically, it may be the case that the passive identification mechanism 108 is merely a reflective surface on a retro-reflector that merely reflects the sensor acquisition signal 109 back to the sensor acquisition transceiver 110 as the identification signal 111.

Operation 1108 illustrates transmitting one or more signals indicative of a presence of a sensor via a micro-electromechanical device of the sensor. For example, as shown in FIGS. 1-2, upon irradiation of the sensor 102 by, for example, a sensor acquisition signal 109 wirelessly transmitted by a sensor acquisition transceiver 110 (e.g. a radio transceiver, an optical/laser transceiver, and the like) of a sensor monitoring device 103, the sensor 102 may wirelessly transmit an identification signal 111 indicative of the presence of the sensor 102 within the region 101. For example, the passive identification mechanism 108 may include a MEMS device configured to receive the sensor acquisition signal 109, modulate that sensor acquisition signal 109 and retransmit the modulated sensor acquisition signal 109 as the identification signal 111.

Operation 1110 illustrates transmitting one or more signals indicative of a sensor type associated with a sensor. For example, as shown in FIGS. 1-2, the identification signal 111 may include data associated with the sensor 102 and stored by the passive identification mechanism 108 (e.g. as an RFID chip). For example, the identification signal 111 may encode data associated with a sensor-type (e.g. thermal, pressure, motion, image, audio, electromagnetic, and the like) of the sensor 102, sensor operation requirements (e.g. operating power levels, power storage charge times, and the like), and the like.

FIG. 12 further illustrates an operational procedure wherein operational flow 500 of FIG. 5 may include one or more additional operations. Additional operations may include operation 1202. Further, operation 1202 of operational flow 500 of FIG. 12 may include one or more additional operations. Additional operations may include operations 1204 and/or 1206.

Operation 1202 illustrates wirelessly transmitting one or more sensor operation activation signals to one or more sensors according to one or more external control signals. For example, as shown in FIGS. 1-3, the sensor operation activation transmitter 119 may be controlled by an external control signal 136 (e.g. a signal not originating from the sensor monitoring device 103).

Operation 1204 illustrates wirelessly transmitting one or more sensor operation activation signals to one or more sensors according to one or more external control signals received from at least one external device. For example, as shown in FIGS. 1-3, an external control signal 136 may be provided to the sensor monitoring device 103 by one or more processing devices 105 (e.g. a cell phone, tablet computer, laptop computer, and the like) external to the at the sensor monitoring device 103 at the direction of a user 107.

Operation 1206 illustrates wirelessly transmitting one or more sensor operation activation signals to one or more sensors according to one or more external control signals received from one or more switches. For example, as shown in FIGS. 1-3, the sensor monitoring devices 103 may be pluggable with respect to one or more standard environmental devices (e.g. a standard 110-volt wall outlet-pluggable sensor monitoring device 103A, a standard 60-watt light socket-pluggable sensor monitoring device 103B, and the like). It may be the case that a wall outlet and/or light socket may be controllable by a switch (e.g. a standard wall-mounted light switch) as would be the case for a standard appliance or light bulb coupled to the wall outlet and/or light socket. The sensor monitoring devices 103 may be likewise be configured such that the same switch may control the sensor monitoring devices 103 to power on the sensor operation activation transmitter 119 when the switch is actuated by a user.

FIG. 13 further illustrates an operational procedure wherein operation 502 of operational flow 500 of FIG. 5 may include one or more additional operations. Additional operations may include operation 1302.

Operation 1302 illustrates wirelessly transmitting one or more sensor operation activation signals to one or more sensors according one or more sensor signals indicative of a presence or absence of one or more objects within the portion of a region including at least one sensor. For example, as shown in FIGS. 1-3, one or more safety features may be employed by the ad hoc sensor system 100 in an attempt to ensure that a high-power sensor operation activation signal 120 is not activated when the personnel or certain sensitive items 104 (e.g. biological matter, volatile chemical compositions) are within the region 101. For example, a sensor monitoring device 103 may further include at least one safety sensor 161. The safety sensor 137 may serve to determine if one on more specified objects (e.g. personnel, biological matter, volatile chemical compositions, and the like) are present within the region 101. In the case where the safety sensor 137 detects the presence of a specified object, the safety sensor 137 may provide a notification signal 162 to the signal control logic 128. In response to the notification signal 138, the signal control logic 128 may restrict an otherwise scheduled transmission of the high-power sensor operation activation signal 120 into the region 101. The safety sensor 137 may include one or more of a motion sensor (e.g. detecting movement of a person within the region 101), an image capture sensor operably coupled to image recognition logic (e.g. detecting an image of a person or object within the region 101), an RF sensor (e.g. detecting an RFID chip associated with an identification badge of a person or object within the region 101), and the like.

FIG. 14 further illustrates an operational procedure wherein operation 504 of operational flow 500 of FIG. 5 may include one or more additional operations. Additional operations may include operations 1402, 1404, 1406, 1408, 1410 and/or 1412.

Operation 1402 illustrates powering one or more thermal sensing operations of a sensor via the electrical power. For example, as shown in FIGS. 1-4, the sensors 102 may be configured as passive sensors with no independent power source for conducting thermal sensing operations by an thermal sensing element 123 (e.g. a thermistor). As such, the sensor monitoring device 103 may include a sensor operation activation transmitter 119 having a relatively higher power signal configured for wirelessly transmitting a sensor operation activation signal 120 (e.g. an infrared, optical, ultraviolet, x-ray beam, and the like) to the sensors 102. The sensors 102 may include a power transducer 121 configured to convert the sensor operation activation signal 120 into electrical or optical power 122 usable by sensing element 123 (e.g. electrical circuitry, micro-electromechanical system devices, and the like) configured to carry out the desired thermal sensing operations.

Operation 1404 illustrates powering one or more pressure sensing operations of a sensor via the electrical power. For example, as shown in FIGS. 1-4, the sensors 102 may be configured as passive sensors with no independent power source for conducting pressure sensing operations by an pressure sensing element 123 (e.g. a piezoelectric pressure sensor). As such, the sensor monitoring device 103 may include a sensor operation activation transmitter 119 having a relatively higher power signal configured for wirelessly transmitting a sensor operation activation signal 120 (e.g. an infrared, optical, ultraviolet, x-ray beam, and the like) to the sensors 102. The sensors 102 may include a power transducer 121 configured to convert the sensor operation activation signal 120 into electrical or optical power 122 usable by sensing element 123 (e.g. electrical circuitry, micro-electromechanical system devices, and the like) configured to carry out the desired pressure sensing operations.

Operation 1406 illustrates powering one or more motion sensing operations of a sensor via the electrical power. For example, as shown in FIGS. 1-4, the sensors 102 may be configured as passive sensors with no independent power source for conducting motion sensing operations by a motion sensing element 123 (e.g. a camera, thermal sensor, pressure sensor, radar sensor, and the like). As such, the sensor monitoring device 103 may include a sensor operation activation transmitter 119 having a relatively higher power signal configured for wirelessly transmitting a sensor operation activation signal 120 (e.g. an infrared, optical, ultraviolet, x-ray beam, and the like) to the sensors 102. The sensors 102 may include a power transducer 121 configured to convert the sensor operation activation signal 120 into electrical or optical power 122 usable by sensing element 123 (e.g. electrical circuitry, micro-electromechanical system devices, and the like) configured to carry out the desired motion sensing operations.

Operation 1408 illustrates powering one or more image sensing operations of a sensor via the electrical power. For example, as shown in FIGS. 1-4, the sensors 102 may be configured as passive sensors with no on-board power source for conducting image sensing operations by an image capture sensing element 123 (e.g. a still or video camera). As such, the sensor monitoring device 103 may include a sensor operation activation transmitter 119 having a relatively higher power signal configured for wirelessly transmitting a sensor operation activation signal 120 (e.g. an infrared, optical, ultraviolet, x-ray beam, and the like) to the sensors 102. The sensors 102 may include a power transducer 121 configured to convert the sensor operation activation signal 120 into electrical or optical power 122 usable by sensing element 123 (e.g. electrical circuitry, micro-electromechanical system devices, and the like) configured to carry out the desired image sensing operations.

Operation 1410 illustrates powering one or more audio sensing operations of a sensor via the electrical power. For example, as shown in FIGS. 1-4, the sensors 102 may be configured as passive sensors with no on-board power source for conducting audio sensing operations by an audio sensing element 123 (e.g. a microphone). As such, the sensor monitoring device 103 may include a sensor operation activation transmitter 119 having a relatively higher power signal configured for wirelessly transmitting a sensor operation activation signal 120 (e.g. an infrared, optical, ultraviolet, x-ray beam, and the like) to the sensors 102. The sensors 102 may include a power transducer 121 configured to convert the sensor operation activation signal 120 into electrical or optical power 122 usable by sensing element 123 (e.g. electrical circuitry, micro-electromechanical system devices, and the like) configured to carry out the desired audio sensing operations.

Operation 1412 illustrates powering one or more electromagnetic radiation sensing operations of a sensor via the electrical power. For example, as shown in FIGS. 1-4, the sensors 102 may be configured as passive sensors with no on-board power source for conducting electromagnetic radiation (EMR) sensing operations by an EMR sensing element 123. As such, the sensor monitoring device 103 may include a sensor operation activation transmitter 119 having a relatively higher power configured for wirelessly transmitting a sensor operation activation signal 120 (e.g. an infrared, optical, ultraviolet, x-ray beam, and the like) to the sensors 102. The sensors 102 may include a power transducer 121 configured to convert the sensor operation activation signal 120 into electrical or optical power 122 usable by sensing element 123 (e.g. electrical circuitry, micro-electromechanical system devices, and the like) configured to carry out the desired EMR sensing operations.

FIG. 15 illustrates an operational procedure wherein operation 504 of operational flow 500 of FIG. 5 may include one or more additional operations. Additional operations may include operation 1502 and/or 1504.

Operation 1502 illustrates charging one or more batteries via the electrical power. For example, as shown in FIGS. 1-4, it may be the case that sensor operations may be on a time scale greater than a power acquisition time interval for a given sensor 102. For example, it may be the case that the sensor monitoring device 103 may only be capable of dedicating minutes or hours to transmitting a sensor operation activation signal 120 to a given sensor 102 particular for power-intensive sensor operations such as cached sensor data transmission from the sensor 102 to the sensor monitoring device 103. However, it may be desirable for an image capture sensor 102 (e.g. a still or video image capture sensor 102) may operate in a low-power mode to record sensor data over a period of days or weeks. As such, a sensor 102 may include one or more batteries chargeable by the power 122 generated by the power transducer 121 in response to the sensor operation activation signal 120.

Operation 1504 illustrates charging one or more capacitors via the electrical power. For example, as shown in FIGS. 1-4, it may be the case that sensor operations may be on a time scale greater than a power acquisition time interval for a given sensor 102. For example, it may be the case that the sensor monitoring device 103 may only be capable of dedicating minutes or hours to transmitting a sensor operation activation signal 120 to a given sensor 102 particular for power-intensive sensor operations such as cached sensor data transmission from the sensor 102 to the sensor monitoring device 103. However, it may be desirable for an image capture sensor 102 (e.g. a still or video image capture sensor 102) may operate in a low-power mode to record sensor data over a period of days or weeks. As such, a sensor 102 may include one or more capacitors chargeable by the power 122 generated by the power transducer 121 in response to the sensor operation activation signal 120.

FIG. 16 illustrates an operational procedure wherein operational flow 500 of FIG. 5 may include one or more additional operations. Additional operations may include operation 1602.

Operation 1602 illustrates powering one or more sensing operations of a sensor via the one or more power storage devices. The power stored by the energy storage device 130 may then be used for sensing operations of the sensing element 123 during time periods where the sensor operation activation transmitter 119 is not currently irradiating the power transducer 121.

FIG. 17 illustrates an operational procedure wherein operational flow 500 of FIG. 5 may include one or more additional operations. Additional operations may include operation 1702.

Operation 1702 illustrates wirelessly transmitting sensor data from the sensor to the sensor monitoring device. For example, the sensor 102 may not employ the energy storage device 130 and/or any type of power-intensive radio transmission components. Rather, the sensing element 123 of the sensor 102 may directly receive the sensor operation activation signal 120 (e.g. an optical beam) and directly modulate that beam according to one or more sensing parameters before the modulated beam is transmitted back to the sensor monitoring device 103 as sensor data 124. For example, the sensing element 123 may be optical sensing element 123 including at least one MEMS device. The MEMS device may be a device configured to be modified by the sensing parameter (e.g. by temperature or pressure) and modulate the sensor operation activation signal 120 according to such modifications so as to generate sensor data 124 associated with the sensing parameter.

Those having skill in the art will recognize that the state of the art has progressed to the point where there is little distinction left between hardware and software implementations of aspects of systems; the use of hardware or software is generally (but not always, in that in certain contexts the choice between hardware and software can become significant) a design choice representing cost vs. efficiency tradeoffs. Those having skill in the art will appreciate that there are various vehicles by which processes and/or systems and/or other technologies described herein can be effected (e.g., hardware, software, and/or firmware), and that the preferred vehicle will vary with the context in which the processes and/or systems and/or other technologies are deployed. For example, if an implementer determines that speed and accuracy are paramount, the implementer may opt for a mainly hardware and/or firmware vehicle; alternatively, if flexibility is paramount, the implementer may opt for a mainly software implementation; or, yet again alternatively, the implementer may opt for some combination of hardware, software, and/or firmware. Hence, there are several possible vehicles by which the processes and/or devices and/or other technologies described herein may be effected, none of which is inherently superior to the other in that any vehicle to be utilized is a choice dependent upon the context in which the vehicle will be deployed and the specific concerns (e.g., speed, flexibility, or predictability) of the implementer, any of which may vary. Those skilled in the art will recognize that optical aspects of implementations will typically employ optically-oriented hardware, software, and or firmware.

The foregoing detailed description has set forth various embodiments of the devices and/or processes via the use of block diagrams, flowcharts, and/or examples. Insofar as such block diagrams, flowcharts, and/or examples contain one or more functions and/or operations, it will be understood by those within the art that each function and/or operation within such block diagrams, flowcharts, or examples can be implemented, individually and/or collectively, by a wide range of hardware, software, firmware, or virtually any combination thereof. In one embodiment, several portions of the subject matter described herein may be implemented via Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), digital signal processors (DSPs), or other integrated formats. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that some aspects of the embodiments disclosed herein, in whole or in part, can be equivalently implemented in integrated circuits, as one or more computer programs running on one or more computers (e.g., as one or more programs running on one or more computer systems), as one or more programs running on one or more processors (e.g., as one or more programs running on one or more microprocessors), as firmware, or as virtually any combination thereof, and that designing the circuitry and/or writing the code for the software and or firmware would be well within the skill of one of skill in the art in light of this disclosure. In addition, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the mechanisms of the subject matter described herein are capable of being distributed as a program product in a variety of forms, and that an illustrative embodiment of the subject matter described herein applies regardless of the particular type of signal bearing medium used to actually carry out the distribution. Examples of a signal bearing medium include, but are not limited to, the following: a recordable type medium such as a floppy disk, a hard disk drive, a Compact Disc (CD), a Digital Video Disk (DVD), a digital tape, a computer memory, etc.; and a transmission type medium such as a digital and/or an analog communication medium (e.g., a fiber optic cable, a waveguide, a wired communications link, a wireless communication link, etc.).

In a general sense, those skilled in the art will recognize that the various aspects described herein which can be implemented, individually and/or collectively, by a wide range of hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof can be viewed as being composed of various types of “electrical circuitry.” Consequently, as used herein “electrical circuitry” includes, but is not limited to, electrical circuitry having at least one discrete electrical circuit, electrical circuitry having at least one integrated circuit, electrical circuitry having at least one application specific integrated circuit, electrical circuitry forming a general purpose computing device configured by a computer program (e.g., a general purpose computer configured by a computer program which at least partially carries out processes and/or devices described herein, or a microprocessor configured by a computer program which at least partially carries out processes and/or devices described herein), electrical circuitry forming a memory device (e.g., forms of random access memory), and/or electrical circuitry forming a communications device (e.g., a modem, communications switch, or optical-electrical equipment). Those having skill in the art will recognize that the subject matter described herein may be implemented in an analog or digital fashion or some combination thereof.

Those skilled in the art will recognize that it is common within the art to describe devices and/or processes in the fashion set forth herein, and thereafter use engineering practices to integrate such described devices and/or processes into data processing systems. That is, at least a portion of the devices and/or processes described herein can be integrated into a data processing system via a reasonable amount of experimentation. Those having skill in the art will recognize that a typical data processing system generally includes one or more of a system unit housing, a video display device, a memory such as volatile and non-volatile memory, processors such as microprocessors and digital signal processors, computational entities such as operating systems, drivers, graphical user interfaces, and applications programs, one or more interaction devices, such as a touch pad or screen, and/or control systems including feedback loops and control motors (e.g., feedback for sensing position and/or velocity; control motors for moving and/or adjusting components and/or quantities). A typical data processing system may be implemented utilizing any suitable commercially available components, such as those typically found in data computing/communication and/or network computing/communication systems.

The herein described subject matter sometimes illustrates different components contained within, or connected with, different other components. It is to be understood that such depicted architectures are merely exemplary, and that in fact many other architectures can be implemented which achieve the same functionality. In a conceptual sense, any arrangement of components to achieve the same functionality is effectively “associated” such that the desired functionality is achieved. Hence, any two components herein combined to achieve a particular functionality can be seen as “associated with” each other such that the desired functionality is achieved, irrespective of architectures or intermedial components. Likewise, any two components so associated can also be viewed as being “operably connected”, or “operably coupled”, to each other to achieve the desired functionality, and any two components capable of being so associated can also be viewed as being “operably couplable”, to each other to achieve the desired functionality. Specific examples of operably couplable include but are not limited to physically mateable and/or physically interacting components and/or wirelessly interactable and/or wirelessly interacting components and/or logically interacting and/or logically interactable components.

While particular aspects of the present subject matter described herein have been shown and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that, based upon the teachings herein, changes and modifications may be made without departing from the subject matter described herein and its broader aspects and, therefore, the appended claims are to encompass within their scope all such changes and modifications as are within the true spirit and scope of the subject matter described herein. Furthermore, it is to be understood that the invention is defined by the appended claims. It will be understood by those within the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims (e.g., bodies of the appended claims) are generally intended as “open” terms (e.g., the term “including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to,” the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at least,” the term “includes” should be interpreted as “includes but is not limited to,” etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases “at least one” and “one or more” to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles “a” or “an” limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to inventions containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases “one or more” or “at least one” and indefinite articles such as “a” or “an” (e.g., “a” and/or “an” should typically be interpreted to mean “at least one” or “one or more”); the same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should typically be interpreted to mean at least the recited number (e.g., the bare recitation of “two recitations,” without other modifiers, typically means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations). Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, and C, etc.” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, and C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). In those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, or C, etc.” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, or C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that virtually any disjunctive word and/or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase “A or B” will be understood to include the possibilities of “A” or “B” or “A and B.” 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for powering one or more sensors in an ad-hoc sensor network comprising: detecting that one or more sensing operations of one or more sensors disposed within one or more sensor devices is scheduled to be activated; determining whether one or more power storage devices has sufficient energy for the scheduled one or more sensing operations; converting at least one of electromagnetic radiation, vibrational movement, or air pressure changes into electrical power via at least one transducer disposed within an internal layer beneath a surface layer of a partition at least partially defining a region to be monitored by the one or more sensors; determining at least one of whether to directly power the one or more sensing operations via the electrical power if the one or more power storage devices has insufficient energy or whether to charge the one or more power storage devices via the electrical power if the one or more power storage devices has sufficient energy, the determining at least one of whether to directly power the one or more sensing operations or to charge the one or more power storage devices based at least partially on the determination whether the one or more power storage devices has sufficient energy for the scheduled one or more sensing operations; and at least one of directly powering the one or more sensing operations via the electrical power if the one or more power storage devices has insufficient energy for the one or more scheduled sensing operations, or charging the one or more power storage devices if the one or more power storage devices has sufficient energy for the one or more scheduled sensing operations.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the converting at least one of electromagnetic radiation, vibrational movement, or air pressure changes into electrical power via at least one transducer disposed within an internal layer beneath a surface layer of a partition at least partially defining a region to be monitored by the one or more sensors comprises: converting electromagnetic radiation from at least one radio frequency source via at least one electromagnetic radiation transducer.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the converting at least one of electromagnetic radiation, vibrational movement, or air pressure changes into electrical power via at least one transducer disposed within an internal layer beneath a surface layer of a partition at least partially defining a region to be monitored by the one or more sensors comprises: converting at least one of electromagnetic radiation, vibrational movement, or air pressure changes into electrical power via at least one transducer disposed within an internal layer beneath a surface layer of drywall defining a region to be monitored by the one or more sensors.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining whether to directly power the one or more sensing operations of one or more sensors via the electrical power comprises: determining whether to directly power at least one sensor disposed on a surface of a portion of the partition at least partially defining a region to be monitored by transmitting the electrical power from the at least one transducer to the at least one sensor via one or more electrical connections routed through at least a portion of the partition at least partially defining the region to be monitored by the one or more sensors.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining whether to directly power the one or more sensing operations of one or more sensors via the electrical power comprises: determining whether to directly power at least one sensor disposed on a surface of the portion of the partition at least partially defining a region to be monitored by transmitting the electrical power from the at least one transducer to the at least one sensor via one or more inductive couplings between the at least one transducer and the at least one sensor.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the converting at least one of electromagnetic radiation, vibrational movement, or air pressure changes into electrical power via at least one transducer disposed within an internal layer beneath a surface layer of a partition at least partially defining a region to be monitored by the one or more sensors comprises: converting at least one of electromagnetic radiation, vibrational movement, or air pressure changes into electrical power via at least one transducer at least partially disposed on a surface of a portion of the partition at least partially defining a region to be monitored by the one or more sensors.
 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the converting at least one of electromagnetic radiation, vibrational movement, or air pressure changes into electrical power via at least one transducer disposed within an internal layer beneath a surface layer of a partition at least partially defining a region to be monitored by the one or more sensors comprises: converting at least one of electromagnetic radiation, vibrational movement, or air pressure changes into electrical power via at least one micro-strip antenna at least partially disposed on a surface of a portion of the partition at least partially defining a region to be monitored by the one or more sensors.
 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the converting at least one of electromagnetic radiation, vibrational movement, or air pressure changes into electrical power via at least one transducer disposed within an internal layer beneath a surface layer of a partition at least partially defining a region to be monitored by the one or more sensors comprises: converting at least one of electromagnetic radiation, vibrational movement, or air pressure changes into electrical power via at least one transducer integrated into at least one sheet affixed to a surface portion of the partition at least partially defining a region to be monitored by the one or more sensors.
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining whether to directly power the one or more sensing operations via the electrical power comprises: determining whether to directly power at least one wireless transmitter of the sensor device via the electrical power to wirelessly transmit sensor data signals.
 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising: transmitting, via the one or more sensor devices, one or more wireless signals indicative of one or more locations of the one or more sensors.
 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the converting at least one of electromagnetic radiation, vibrational movement, or air pressure changes into electrical power via at least one transducer disposed within an internal layer beneath a surface layer of a partition at least partially defining a region to be monitored by the one or more sensors comprises: receiving one or more electromagnetic radiation signals electronically transmitted to the one or more sensor devices; and converting the one or more electromagnetic radiation signals into electrical power via the at least one transducer.
 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the receiving one or more electromagnetic radiation signals electronically transmitted to the one or more sensors comprises: receiving one or more radio frequency signals electronically transmitted to the one or more sensor devices; and converting the one or more radio frequency signals into electrical power via the at least one transducer.
 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the receiving one or more electromagnetic radiation signals electronically transmitted to the one or more sensors comprises: receiving one or more optical frequency signals electronically transmitted to the one or more sensor devices; and converting the one or more optical frequency signals into electrical power via the at least one transducer.
 14. The method of claim 1, further comprising: transmitting, via the one or more sensors, one or more signals indicative of a presence of a sensor within the portion of the region to be monitored to a sensor monitoring device.
 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the transmitting, via the one or more sensors, one or more signals indicative of a presence of a sensor within the portion of the region to be monitored to a sensor monitoring device comprises: transmitting one or more signals indicative of a sensor type associated with a sensor.
 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the detecting that one or more sensing operations of one or more sensors disposed within one or more sensor devices is scheduled to be activated comprises: receiving one or more wireless sensor operation activation signals transmitted to the one or more sensor devices according to one or more external control signals.
 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the detecting that one or more sensing operations of one or more sensors disposed within one or more sensor devices is scheduled to be activated comprises: receiving one or more wireless sensor operation activation signals transmitted to one or more sensor devices according to one or more external control signals received from at least one external device.
 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the detecting that one or more sensing operations of one or more sensors disposed within one or more sensor devices is scheduled to be activated comprises: receiving one or more wireless sensor operation activation signals transmitted to one or more sensor devices according one or more sensor signals indicative of a presence or absence of one or more objects within the portion of a region including at least one sensor.
 19. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining whether to directly power one or more sensing operations of one or more sensors via the electrical power includes: determining whether to directly power one or more thermal sensing operations of a sensor via the electrical power.
 20. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining whether to directly power one or more sensing operations of one or more sensors via the electrical power includes: determining whether to directly power one or more pressure sensing operations of a sensor via the electrical power.
 21. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining whether to directly power one or more sensing operations of one or more sensors via the electrical power includes: determining whether to directly power one or more motion sensing operations of a sensor via the electrical power.
 22. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining whether to directly power one or more sensing operations of one or more sensors via the electrical power includes: determining whether to directly power one or more image sensing operations of a sensor via the electrical power.
 23. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining whether to directly power one or more sensing operations of one or more sensors via the electrical power includes: determining whether to directly power one or more audio sensing operations of a sensor via the electrical power.
 24. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining whether to directly power one or more sensing operations of one or more sensors via the electrical power includes: determining whether to directly power one or more electromagnetic radiation sensing operations of a sensor via the electrical power.
 25. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining whether to charge the one or more power storage devices via the electrical power comprises: determining whether to charge one or more batteries via the electrical power.
 26. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining whether to charge the one or more power storage devices via the electrical power comprises: determining whether to charge one or more capacitors via the electrical power.
 27. The method of claim 1, further comprising: wirelessly transmitting sensor data from the sensor to a sensor monitoring device.
 28. The method of claim 1, wherein the converting at least one of electromagnetic radiation, vibrational movement, or air pressure changes into electrical power via at least one transducer disposed within an internal layer beneath a surface layer of a partition at least partially defining a region to be monitored by the one or more sensors comprises: converting at least one of electromagnetic radiation, vibrational movement, or air pressure changes into electrical power via at least one transducer disposed within an internal layer beneath a surface layer of at least one of drywall or sheetrock forming the partition at least partially defining the region to be monitored.
 29. The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining whether the one or more sensor devices is operating in a sensing mode or a transmitting mode based at least partly on the scheduled one or more sensing operations in one or more sensor devices.
 30. The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining whether at least one of the one or more sensing operations scheduled to be activated in the one or more sensor devices is power-intensive.
 31. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining at least one of whether to directly power the one or more sensing operations via the electrical power if the one or more power storage devices has insufficient energy or whether to charge the one or more power storage devices via the electrical power if the one or more power storage devices has sufficient energy, the determining at least one of whether to directly power the one or more sensing operations or to charge the one or more power storage devices based at least partially on the determination whether the one or more power storage devices has sufficient energy for the scheduled one or more sensing operations comprises: determining whether the one or more sensor devices has sufficient power to perform a task based at least partly on the scheduled one or more sensing operations in one or more sensor devices; and at least one of directly powering the sensor during the task or charging the one or more power storage devices based at least partially on the determination whether the one or more sensor devices has sufficient power to perform the task.
 32. The method of claim 1, wherein the detecting that one or more sensing operations of one or more sensors disposed within one or more sensor devices is scheduled to be activated comprises: transmitting one or more sensor activation signals to the one or more sensor devices according to one or more schedules; and initiating the one or more sensing operations via one or more sensors disposed within the one or more sensor devices based at least partly on the one or more sensor activation signals.
 33. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining whether one or more power storage devices has sufficient energy for the scheduled one or more sensing operations comprises: assessing sensor energy usage data associated with the one or more sensing operations scheduled to be activated; receiving one or more energy storage parameters from one or more power storage monitoring modules; and comparing the assessed sensor energy usage data with the received one or more power storage parameters to determine whether the one or more power storage devices has sufficient energy for the scheduled one or more sensing operations.
 34. The method of claim 1, wherein the detecting that one or more sensing operations of one or more sensors disposed within one or more sensor devices is scheduled to be activated comprises: receiving one or more sensor activation schedules from one or more sensor activation schedule databases.
 35. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining whether one or more power storage devices has sufficient energy for the scheduled one or more sensing operations comprises: assessing sensor energy usage data associated with the one or more sensing operations scheduled to be activated; receiving one or more energy storage indications from one or more power storage monitoring modules; comparing the assessed sensor energy usage data with the received one or more power storage parameters to determine whether the one or more power storage devices has sufficient energy for the scheduled one or more sensing operations, and wherein the at least one of directly powering the one or more sensing operations via the electrical power if the one or more power storage devices has insufficient energy for the one or more scheduled sensing operations, or charging the one or more power storage devices if the one or more power storage devices has sufficient energy for the one or more scheduled sensing operations includes at least: directly powering the one or more sensing operations for a duration of the operation with the converted electrical power; and charging the one or more power storage devices prior to and subsequent to the duration of the operation with the converted electrical power.
 36. A system for communicating with one or more sensors in an ad-hoc sensor network comprising: circuitry for detecting that one or more sensing operations of one or more sensors disposed within one or more sensor devices is scheduled to be activated; circuitry for determining, via one or more energy storage monitoring modules, whether one or more power storage devices has sufficient energy for the scheduled one or more sensing operations; circuitry for converting at least one of electromagnetic radiation, vibrational movement, or air pressure changes into electrical power via at least one transducer disposed within an internal layer beneath a surface layer of a partition at least partially defining a region to be monitored by the one or more sensors; circuitry for determining at least one of whether to directly power the one or more sensing operations via the electrical power if the one or more power storage devices has insufficient energy or whether to charge the one or more power storage devices via the electrical power if the one or more power storage devices has sufficient energy, the circuitry for determining at least one of whether to directly power the one or more sensing operations or to charge the one or more power storage devices based at least partially on the determination whether the one or more power storage devices has sufficient energy for the scheduled one or more sensing operations; and circuitry for at least one of directly powering the one or more sensing operations via the electrical power if the one or more power storage devices has insufficient energy for the one or more scheduled sensing operations, or charging the one or more power storage devices if the one or more power storage devices has sufficient energy for the one or more scheduled sensing operations.
 37. A non-transitory computer-readable medium tangibly embodying computer-readable instructions for execution of a process on a computing device, the process comprising: detecting that one or more sensing operations of one or more sensors disposed within one or more sensor devices is scheduled to be activated; determining whether one or more power storage devices has sufficient energy for the scheduled one or more sensing operations; converting at least one of electromagnetic radiation, vibrational movement, or air pressure changes into electrical power via at least one transducer disposed within an internal layer beneath a surface layer of a partition at least partially defining a region to be monitored by the one or more sensors; determining at least one of whether to directly power the one or more sensing operations via the electrical power if the one or more power storage devices has insufficient energy or whether to charge the one or more power storage devices via the electrical power if the one or more power storage devices has sufficient energy, the determining at least one of whether to directly power the one or more sensing operations or to charge the one or more power storage devices based at least partially on the determination whether the one or more power storage devices has sufficient energy for the scheduled one or more sensing operations; and at least one of directly powering the one or more sensing operations via the electrical power if the one or more power storage devices has insufficient energy for the one or more scheduled sensing operations, or charging the one or more power storage devices if the one or more power storage devices has sufficient energy for the one or more scheduled sensing operations.
 38. A device, comprising: at least one processing device and at least one non-transitory computer-readable medium bearing instructions that, when executed on the processing device, cause the processing device to at least: detect that one or more sensing operations of one or more sensors disposed within one or more sensor devices is scheduled to be activated; determine whether one or more power storage devices has sufficient energy for the scheduled one or more sensing operations; convert at least one of electromagnetic radiation, vibrational movement, or air pressure changes into electrical power via at least one transducer disposed within an internal layer beneath a surface layer of a partition at least partially defining a region to be monitored by the one or more sensors; determine whether to directly power the one or more sensing operations via the electrical power if the one or more power storage devices has insufficient energy or whether to charge the one or more power storage devices via the electrical power if the one or more power storage devices has sufficient energy, the instructions to determine whether to directly power the one or more sensing operations or to charge the one or more power storage devices based at least partially on the determination whether the one or more power storage devices has sufficient energy for the scheduled one or more sensing operations; and at least one of directly power the one or more sensing operations via the electrical power if the one or more power storage devices has insufficient energy for the one or more scheduled sensing operations, or charge the one or more power storage devices if the one or more power storage devices has sufficient energy for the one or more scheduled sensing operations. 